| In-Line Conveyor System |
Cartons, trays, pouches, cans, jars, and unpackaged products on a belt |
80–160 kV |
Metal, glass, mineral stone, calcified bone, dense plastic, rubber, product voids, missing items, and fill-level variation |
Post-packaging inspection on continuous production lines |
Match belt width, line speed, product spacing, and reject timing to the production process |
| Pipeline X-Ray System |
Pumped liquids, sauces, soups, dairy products, and semi-liquid foods |
80–120 kV |
Dense foreign bodies, metal fragments, glass particles, stones, and some product-flow abnormalities |
Before filling or at a hygienic transfer point in a closed pipeline |
Consider pipe diameter, pressure, flow rate, cleaning method, hygienic design, and product homogeneity |
| Vertical-Drop System |
Free-falling powders, grains, seeds, nuts, snacks, and small pieces |
80–120 kV |
Metal, glass, stone, dense bone, and other high-density foreign material |
Before packaging or during transfer between processing stages |
Verify stable product flow, controlled drop height, air pressure requirements, and low product loss during rejection |
| Bulk-Flow System |
Loose vegetables, potatoes, frozen foods, meat pieces, and bulk solid ingredients |
100–160 kV |
Metal, glass, stone, calcified bone, dense rubber, and some product irregularities |
Raw-material receiving, processing, or pre-packaging inspection |
Account for product overlap, bulk density, moisture, throughput, and the required rejection method |
| Checkweigher-Integrated X-Ray System |
Packaged foods requiring both contamination and weight verification |
80–160 kV |
Foreign bodies, missing products, incorrect fill level, underweight, overweight, and package-count errors |
End-of-line quality control |
Evaluate combined footprint, weighing accuracy, conveyor speed, product spacing, and data integration |
| Dual-Energy X-Ray System |
Products with low-density contaminants or complex product backgrounds |
Two energy bands, commonly approximately 80 and 160 kV |
Improved material discrimination for certain low-density contaminants, including some thin bones, stones, and dense plastics |
Difficult products where standard single-energy imaging has limited contrast |
Confirm performance with representative product samples because results depend on thickness, density, orientation, and packaging |
| Wide-Aperture System |
Large cartons, multi-lane products, tall packs, and irregular packages |
120–180 kV |
Metal, glass, stone, bone, dense plastics, missing components, and package integrity abnormalities |
Inspection of large or high-throughput packaged products |
Select aperture dimensions and generator power according to the tallest product, maximum mass, and required line speed |